Almost no endeavor is fraught with as much excitement and risk, as that of investing in stocks. However, without the right type of knowledge and insight, investing can be something that results in little more than empty pockets. Therefore, before you start selecting and managing securities on your own behalf, take the advice in this piece to heart, so that you are prepared to act wisely.

Cultivating the discipline and focus to invest money regularly is a lot easier if you have defined your investment goals. Establish separate accounts for specific goals like college savings and retirement so you can tailor your choice of investment vehicles accordingly. Your state’s 529 Plan might be a great option for educational investments. An aggressive stock portfolio could be advantageous for a young person with retirement decades away; but a middle-aged person would want to consider less volatile options like bonds or certificates of deposit for at least a portion of retirement savings.

Stocks are not merely certificates that are bought and sold. Once you own a stock, you now have partial ownership of whatever company is behind that investment. Therefore, you actually own a share of the earnings and assets of that company. In most cases, you are also allowed to vote on matters of corporate leadership or major business decisions like mergers.

Remember that the market is made of all stocks. There will always be some going up and some going down. Winning stocks can bolster your portfolio even during downturns, whereas losing stocks can hold you back in a boom. Choose carefully, and above all else diversify your holdings. Doing this both minimizes your risks and increases your opportunities to gain.

One account you should have, is a high bearing account containing at least six months’ salary. This way if you are suddenly faced with unemployment, or high medical costs you will be able to continue to pay for your rent/mortgage and other living expenses in the short term while matters are resolved.

Use rating systems cautiously in a bear market. These rating systems may be untrustworthy during this time, and you could wind up losing a lot of money if you rely solely on them. Instead of using them as a guide, use them a means of secondary information and factor the rating into your decisions with a grain of salt.

Invest at a time when the market is down. The saying “sell high, and buy low” is right on target. You can find bargains when you buy stocks during this time, since everyone has already sold off what they wanted. Buying at a time when the market is low sets the stage for long-term growth you can profit from.

When making assumptions regarding valuations, be as conservative as you can. Stock investors typically have a unique habit of painting modern events onto their picture of the future. If the markets are good, the future looks bright all around, even though downturns and volatility are bound to occur. Likewise, during a downturn, the whole future looks dim and dark with no turnaround, even though this is not likely.

If you plan on working past a typical retirement age of mid-sixties, consider a Roth IRA. This investment vehicle comes with no mandatory distribution age, unlike other stock investment opportunities. This means you can sit back and watch your portfolio grow even more before you tap into it for living expenses. This can mean a longer, better retirement, or more inheritance for your descendants.

Be wary of high-risk investments. If you plan on making these kinds of investments, make sure that you only use capital that you can afford to lose. This is generally around 10% of your monetary assets. Around five percent is safer. Calculated risks can be good, particularly when the market is on the rebound making many valuable stocks under-priced.

If your employer offers any kind of match to your retirement contributions, such as 401k, invest up to that level of match. If they match dollar for dollar up to 5%, invest 5%. If they match one dollar for every two up to 3%, invest the needed 6%. Not doing so leaves free money on the table, which is among the worst mistakes you can make in investing.

Don’t allow yourself to become discouraged if you lose a little bit of money in the stock market. Many stock market beginners get flustered when it does not go well at first. It requires research, experience, knowledge and practice to invest successfully, so keep that in mind before you quit.

Investing is something that can bring great fortune, but also great regret. In order to make smart investment decisions, education is critical. For that reason, anyone considering dipping their toes in the waters of the stock market, should first review the advice in this article, so that they understand the fundamentals of skillful investing.